Realms
Almohad Caliphate
The Masmuda-led reform movement and Berber caliphate that overthrew the Almoravids, ruled the Maghreb and al-Andalus (1121–1269 CE), and made divine unity the law of an empire.
Almoravid Dynasty
A Sanhaja Berber reform movement from the Sahara that forged the first great Berber-led empire of the western Mediterranean, ruling from the Senegal River to Zaragoza (1050s–1147 CE).
Barghawata Confederacy
A Berber tribal confederation that established a unique religio-political entity along Morocco's Atlantic coast, ruling from 744 to 1058 CE.
Emirate of Nekor
A Sunni Maliki emirate in the Rif mountains of northern Morocco, ruled by the Banu Salih dynasty from 710 to 1019 CE—the first autonomous Muslim state in the Maghreb.
Emirate of Sijilmasa
A Sufri Kharijite emirate that controlled the western trans-Saharan trade from its fortified oasis city in the Tafilalt, ruling from 757 to 976 CE.
Idrisid Dynasty
The first Moroccan state—an Arab Muslim dynasty of Hasanid Alid descent that ruled from 788 to 974 CE, founding the city of Fez and establishing the sharifian tradition in Morocco.